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John C Middlebrooks

Title(s)Professor, Otolaryngology
Phone(949) 824-0119
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    Enhanced auditory prosthesis using a penetrating auditory-nerve electrode
    NIH/NIDCD R01DC017182Apr 11, 2019 - Mar 31, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CORTICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
    NIH/NIDCD R01DC004312Jan 1, 2000 - Nov 30, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Cortical Representation of Auditory Space
    NIH/NIDCD R01DC000420Jul 1, 1987 - Nov 30, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF AUDITORY SPACE
    NIH/NIDCD R29DC000420Jul 1, 1987 - Jun 30, 1995
    Role: Principal Investigator
    CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF AUDITORY SPACE
    NIH/NINDS R29NS025022Jul 1, 1987 - Jun 30, 1992
    Role: Principal Investigator
    PERCEPTION AND PROCESSING OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SIGNALS
    NIH/NIDCD P01DC000078Sep 1, 1977 - Nov 30, 2003
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Xu Y, Luo C, Zeng FG, Middlebrooks JC, Lin HW, You Z. Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of a Parylene Thin-Film Electrode Array for Cochlear Implants. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2019 02; 66(2):573-583. PMID: 30004866.
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    2. Middlebrooks JC. Chronic Deafness Degrades Temporal Acuity in the Electrically Stimulated Auditory Pathway. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2018 10; 19(5):541-557. PMID: 29968099.
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    3. Presacco A, Middlebrooks JC. Tone-Evoked Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) Recorded in a Sedated Animal Model. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2018 08; 19(4):451-466. PMID: 29749573.
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    4. Xu Y, Luo C, Zeng FG, Middlebrooks JC, Lin HW, You Z. Study of the Carrier-Aided Thin Film Electrode Array Design for Cochlear Insertion. Micromachines (Basel). 2018 Apr 27; 9(5). PMID: 30424139.
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    5. Middlebrooks JC. Masking release by combined spatial and masker-fluctuation effects in the open sound field. J Acoust Soc Am. 2017 12; 142(6):3362. PMID: 29289075.
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    6. Haidar YM, Sahyouni R, Moshtaghi O, Wang BY, Djalilian HR, Middlebrooks JC, Verma SP, Lin HW. Selective recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation using a penetrating electrode array in the feline model. Laryngoscope. 2018 07; 128(7):1606-1614. PMID: 29086427.
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    7. Sahyouni R, Haidar YM, Moshtaghi O, Wang BY, Djalilian HR, Middlebrooks JC, Lin HW. Selective Stimulation of Facial Muscles Following Chronic Intraneural Electrode Array Implantation and Facial Nerve Injury in the Feline Model. Otol Neurotol. 2017 10; 38(9):e369-e377. PMID: 28834941.
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    8. Sahyouni R, Bhatt J, Djalilian HR, Tang WC, Middlebrooks JC, Lin HW. Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model. Laryngoscope. 2017 02; 127(2):460-465. PMID: 27312936.
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    9. Javier LK, McGuire EA, Middlebrooks JC. Spatial Stream Segregation by Cats. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2016 06; 17(3):195-207. PMID: 26993807.
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    10. Yao JD, Bremen P, Middlebrooks JC. Emergence of Spatial Stream Segregation in the Ascending Auditory Pathway. J Neurosci. 2015 Dec 09; 35(49):16199-212. PMID: 26658870.
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    11. Pham CQ, Bremen P, Shen W, Yang SM, Middlebrooks JC, Zeng FG, Mc Laughlin M. Central Auditory Processing of Temporal and Spectral-Variance Cues in Cochlear Implant Listeners. PLoS One. 2015; 10(7):e0132423. PMID: 26176553.
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    12. Yao JD, Bremen P, Middlebrooks JC. Transformation of spatial sensitivity along the ascending auditory pathway. J Neurophysiol. 2015 May 01; 113(9):3098-111. PMID: 25744891.
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    13. Middlebrooks JC. Sound localization. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015; 129:99-116. PMID: 25726265.
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    14. Middlebrooks JC, Nick HS, Subramony SH, Advincula J, Rosales RL, Lee LV, Ashizawa T, Waters MF. Mutation in the kv3.3 voltage-gated potassium channel causing spinocerebellar ataxia 13 disrupts sound-localization mechanisms. PLoS One. 2013; 8(10):e76749. PMID: 24116147.
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    15. Yao JD, Bremen P, Middlebrooks JC. Rat primary auditory cortex is tuned exclusively to the contralateral hemifield. J Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov; 110(9):2140-51. PMID: 23945782.
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    16. Middlebrooks JC, Bremen P. Spatial stream segregation by auditory cortical neurons. J Neurosci. 2013 Jul 03; 33(27):10986-1001. PMID: 23825404.
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    17. Bremen P, Middlebrooks JC. Weighting of spatial and spectro-temporal cues for auditory scene analysis by human listeners. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e59815. PMID: 23527271.
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    18. Kiumehr S, Mahboubi H, Middlebrooks JC, Djalilian HR. Transcanal approach for implantation of a cochlear nerve electrode array. Laryngoscope. 2013 May; 123(5):1261-5. PMID: 23460260.
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    19. Middlebrooks JC. High-acuity spatial stream segregation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013; 787:491-9. PMID: 23716256.
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    20. Middlebrooks JC, Onsan ZA. Stream segregation with high spatial acuity. J Acoust Soc Am. 2012 Dec; 132(6):3896-911. PMID: 23231120.
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    21. Lee CC, Middlebrooks JC. Specialization for sound localization in fields A1, DZ, and PAF of cat auditory cortex. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2013 Feb; 14(1):61-82. PMID: 23180228.
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    22. Merlo MW, Snyder RL, Middlebrooks JC, Bachman M. Microelectrode arrays fabricated using a novel hybrid microfabrication method. Biomed Microdevices. 2012 Feb; 14(1):193-205. PMID: 21979567.
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    23. Pfingst BE, Colesa DJ, Hembrador S, Kang SY, Middlebrooks JC, Raphael Y, Su GL. Detection of pulse trains in the electrically stimulated cochlea: effects of cochlear health. J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Dec; 130(6):3954-68. PMID: 22225050.
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    24. Kirby AE, Middlebrooks JC. Unanesthetized auditory cortex exhibits multiple codes for gaps in cochlear implant pulse trains. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012 Feb; 13(1):67-80. PMID: 21969022.
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    25. Lee CC, Middlebrooks JC. Auditory cortex spatial sensitivity sharpens during task performance. Nat Neurosci. 2011 Jan; 14(1):108-14. PMID: 21151120.
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    26. Bierer JA, Bierer SM, Middlebrooks JC. Partial tripolar cochlear implant stimulation: Spread of excitation and forward masking in the inferior colliculus. Hear Res. 2010 Dec 01; 270(1-2):134-42. PMID: 20727397.
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    27. Middlebrooks JC, Snyder RL. Selective electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve activates a pathway specialized for high temporal acuity. J Neurosci. 2010 Feb 03; 30(5):1937-46. PMID: 20130202.
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    28. Kirby AE, Middlebrooks JC. Auditory temporal acuity probed with cochlear implant stimulation and cortical recording. J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jan; 103(1):531-42. PMID: 19923242.
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    29. Middlebrooks JC. Cochlear-implant high pulse rate and narrow electrode configuration impair transmission of temporal information to the auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Jul; 100(1):92-107. PMID: 18450583.
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    30. Middlebrooks JC, Snyder RL. Intraneural stimulation for auditory prosthesis: modiolar trunk and intracranial stimulation sites. Hear Res. 2008 Aug; 242(1-2):52-63. PMID: 18485635.
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    31. Middlebrooks JC. Auditory cortex phase locking to amplitude-modulated cochlear implant pulse trains. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Jul; 100(1):76-91. PMID: 18367697.
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    32. Harrington IA, Stecker GC, Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Spatial sensitivity of neurons in the anterior, posterior, and primary fields of cat auditory cortex. Hear Res. 2008 Jun; 240(1-2):22-41. PMID: 18359176.
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    33. Malhotra S, Stecker GC, Middlebrooks JC, Lomber SG. Sound localization deficits during reversible deactivation of primary auditory cortex and/or the dorsal zone. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Apr; 99(4):1628-42. PMID: 18199813.
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    34. Snyder RL, Middlebrooks JC, Bonham BH. Cochlear implant electrode configuration effects on activation threshold and tonotopic selectivity. Hear Res. 2008 Jan; 235(1-2):23-38. PMID: 18037252.
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    35. Middlebrooks JC, Snyder RL. Auditory prosthesis with a penetrating nerve array. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2007 Jun; 8(2):258-79. PMID: 17265124.
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    36. Middlebrooks JC, Bierer JA, Snyder RL. Cochlear implants: the view from the brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Aug; 15(4):488-93. PMID: 16009544.
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    37. Middlebrooks JC. Auditory cortex cheers the overture and listens through the finale. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jul; 8(7):851-2. PMID: 16136671.
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    38. Stecker GC, Harrington IA, Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Spatial sensitivity in the dorsal zone (area DZ) of cat auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Aug; 94(2):1267-80. PMID: 15857970.
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    39. Mickey BJ, Middlebrooks JC. Sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons to the locations of leading and lagging sounds. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Aug; 94(2):979-89. PMID: 15817648.
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    40. Stecker GC, Harrington IA, Middlebrooks JC. Location coding by opponent neural populations in the auditory cortex. PLoS Biol. 2005 Mar; 3(3):e78. PMID: 15736980.
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    41. Sabin AT, Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Human sound localization at near-threshold levels. Hear Res. 2005 Jan; 199(1-2):124-34. PMID: 15574307.
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    42. Snyder RL, Bierer JA, Middlebrooks JC. Topographic spread of inferior colliculus activation in response to acoustic and intracochlear electric stimulation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2004 Sep; 5(3):305-22. PMID: 15492888.
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    43. Middlebrooks JC. Effects of cochlear-implant pulse rate and inter-channel timing on channel interactions and thresholds. J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Jul; 116(1):452-68. PMID: 15296005.
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    44. Stecker GC, Middlebrooks JC. Distributed coding of sound locations in the auditory cortex. Biol Cybern. 2003 Nov; 89(5):341-9. PMID: 14669014.
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    45. Middlebrooks JC. The acquisitive auditory cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2003 Nov; 6(11):1122-3. PMID: 14583750.
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    46. Bierer JA, Middlebrooks JC. Cortical responses to cochlear implant stimulation: channel interactions. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2004 Mar; 5(1):32-48. PMID: 14564662.
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    47. Mickey BJ, Middlebrooks JC. Representation of auditory space by cortical neurons in awake cats. J Neurosci. 2003 Sep 24; 23(25):8649-63. PMID: 14507964.
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    48. Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Vertical-plane sound localization probed with ripple-spectrum noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Jul; 114(1):430-45. PMID: 12880054.
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    49. Middlebrooks JC. Hearing phantoms. Focus on "Spectral cues explain illusory elevation effects with stereo sounds in cats". J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jul; 90(1):1. PMID: 12843302.
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    50. Stecker GC, Mickey BJ, Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Spatial sensitivity in field PAF of cat auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jun; 89(6):2889-903. PMID: 12611946.
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    51. Middlebrooks JC. Auditory space processing: here, there or everywhere? Nat Neurosci. 2002 Sep; 5(9):824-6. PMID: 12196806.
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    52. Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Listener weighting of cues for lateral angle: the duplex theory of sound localization revisited. J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 May; 111(5 Pt 1):2219-36. PMID: 12051442.
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    53. Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC. Cortical representation of auditory space: information-bearing features of spike patterns. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Apr; 87(4):1749-62. PMID: 11929896.
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    54. Middlebrooks JC, Xu L, Furukawa S, Macpherson EA. Cortical neurons that localize sounds. Neuroscientist. 2002 Feb; 8(1):73-83. PMID: 11843102.
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    55. Bierer JA, Middlebrooks JC. Auditory cortical images of cochlear-implant stimuli: dependence on electrode configuration. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Jan; 87(1):478-92. PMID: 11784764.
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    56. Middlebrooks JC, Bierer JA. Auditory cortical images of cochlear-implant stimuli: coding of stimulus channel and current level. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Jan; 87(1):493-507. PMID: 11784765.
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    57. Mickey BJ, Middlebrooks JC. Responses of auditory cortical neurons to pairs of sounds: correlates of fusion and localization. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Sep; 86(3):1333-50. PMID: 11535681.
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    58. Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC. Sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons to locations of signals and competing noise sources. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jul; 86(1):226-40. PMID: 11431504.
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    59. Miller AL, Arenberg JG, Middlebrooks JC, Pfingst BE. Cochlear implant thresholds: comparison of middle latency responses with psychophysical and cortical-spike-activity thresholds. Hear Res. 2001 Feb; 152(1-2):55-66. PMID: 11223281.
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    60. Middlebrooks JC, Macpherson EA, Onsan ZA. Psychophysical customization of directional transfer functions for virtual sound localization. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Dec; 108(6):3088-91. PMID: 11144603.
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    61. Macpherson EA, Middlebrooks JC. Localization of brief sounds: effects of level and background noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Oct; 108(4):1834-49. PMID: 11051510.
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    62. Arenberg JG, Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC. Auditory cortical images of tones and noise bands. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2000 Sep; 1(2):183-94. PMID: 11545145.
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    63. Xu L, Middlebrooks JC. Individual differences in external-ear transfer functions of cats. J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Mar; 107(3):1451-9. PMID: 10738800.
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    64. Xu L, Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC. Cortical mechanisms for auditory spatial illusions. Acta Otolaryngol. 2000 Mar; 120(2):263-6. PMID: 11603787.
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    65. Furukawa S, Xu L, Middlebrooks JC. Coding of sound-source location by ensembles of cortical neurons. J Neurosci. 2000 Feb 01; 20(3):1216-28. PMID: 10648726.
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    66. Middlebrooks JC. Individual differences in external-ear transfer functions reduced by scaling in frequency. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Sep; 106(3 Pt 1):1480-92. PMID: 10489705.
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    67. Middlebrooks JC. Virtual localization improved by scaling nonindividualized external-ear transfer functions in frequency. J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Sep; 106(3 Pt 1):1493-510. PMID: 10489706.
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    68. Xu L, Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC. Auditory cortical responses in the cat to sounds that produce spatial illusions. Nature. 1999 Jun 17; 399(6737):688-91. PMID: 10385120.
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    69. Xu L, Furukawa S, Middlebrooks JC. Sensitivity to sound-source elevation in nontonotopic auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Aug; 80(2):882-94. PMID: 9705475.
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    70. Middlebrooks JC, Xu L, Eddins AC, Green DM. Codes for sound-source location in nontonotopic auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Aug; 80(2):863-81. PMID: 9705474.
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    71. Middlebrooks JC, Clock AE, Xu L, Green DM. A panoramic code for sound location by cortical neurons. Science. 1994 May 06; 264(5160):842-4. PMID: 8171339.
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    72. Slattery WH, Middlebrooks JC. Monaural sound localization: acute versus chronic unilateral impairment. Hear Res. 1994 May; 75(1-2):38-46. PMID: 8071153.
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    73. Middlebrooks JC. Narrow-band sound localization related to external ear acoustics. J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Nov; 92(5):2607-24. PMID: 1479124.
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    74. Zhou B, Green DM, Middlebrooks JC. Characterization of external ear impulse responses using Golay codes. J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Aug; 92(2 Pt 1):1169-71. PMID: 1506522.
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    75. Middlebrooks JC, Green DM. Observations on a principal components analysis of head-related transfer functions. J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Jul; 92(1):597-9. PMID: 1512326.
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    76. Middlebrooks JC, Green DM. Sound localization by human listeners. Annu Rev Psychol. 1991; 42:135-59. PMID: 2018391.
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    77. Makous JC, Middlebrooks JC. Two-dimensional sound localization by human listeners. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990 May; 87(5):2188-200. PMID: 2348023.
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    78. Middlebrooks JC, Green DM. Directional dependence of interaural envelope delays. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990 May; 87(5):2149-62. PMID: 2348020.
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    79. Middlebrooks JC, Makous JC, Green DM. Directional sensitivity of sound-pressure levels in the human ear canal. J Acoust Soc Am. 1989 Jul; 86(1):89-108. PMID: 2754111.
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    80. Middlebrooks JC, Knudsen EI. Changes in external ear position modify the spatial tuning of auditory units in the cat's superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol. 1987 Mar; 57(3):672-87. PMID: 3559696.
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    81. Middlebrooks JC. Binaural mechanisms of spatial tuning in the cat's superior colliculus distinguished using monaural occlusion. J Neurophysiol. 1987 Mar; 57(3):688-701. PMID: 3559697.
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    82. Middlebrooks JC, Knudsen EI. A neural code for auditory space in the cat's superior colliculus. J Neurosci. 1984 Oct; 4(10):2621-34. PMID: 6491727.
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    83. Middlebrooks JC, Zook JM. Intrinsic organization of the cat's medial geniculate body identified by projections to binaural response-specific bands in the primary auditory cortex. J Neurosci. 1983 Jan; 3(1):203-24. PMID: 6185655.
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    84. Middlebrooks JC, Pettigrew JD. Functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat distinguished by sensitivity to sound location. J Neurosci. 1981 Jan; 1(1):107-20. PMID: 7346555.
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    85. Middlebrooks JC, Dykes RW, Merzenich MM. Binaural response-specific bands in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat: topographical organization orthogonal to isofrequency contours. Brain Res. 1980 Jan 06; 181(1):31-48. PMID: 7350963.
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